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Sperm Donation

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Artificial insemination using donor sperm has been practiced for over a century, although the first published reports about the practice were in 1945.Over the past 10 years, the use of donor sperm has decreased as the use of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI) for treatment of male infertility has become widespread. Since the late 1980s with the emergence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS ) ,artificial donor insemination has been performed exclusively with frozen and quarantined sperm. Current ICMR guidelines recommend that sperm be quarantined for at least six months before being released for use.
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Indications of Sperm Donation

Currently, therapeutic – donor insemination (DI or TDI) is appropriate when the male partner has severe abnormalities in the semen parameters and/or reproductive system. These abnormalities include both obstructive (caused by a blockage of the ejaculatory ducts) and non -obstructive (due to testicular failure) azoospermia ( absence of sperm ),which may be congenital or acquired. Examples of obstructive azoospermia include congenital absence of the vas deferens or previous vasectomy. Examples of non-obstructive azoospermia include primary testicular failure or secondary testicular failure due to previous radiation treatment or chemotherapy. Severe oligospermia (decreased sperm count ) or other significant sperm or seminal fluid abnormalities also are indications for DI.DI also indicated if the male has ejaculatory dysfunction or if he is a carrier or affected with a significant genetic defect and would prefer not to pass this gene on to his children. DI may be used if the female is Rh-sensitized and the male partner is Rh-positive .